Мисс, миссис, мистер в английском языке имеют особенности в произношение и написание. Так же лексическое различие в тексте. При использовании данных слов в предложение необходимо следовать правилу написания и чтения, сохраняя смысловую нагрузку.
Mr & Mrs
Англичане имеют свой уникальный речевой этикет. При общении они используют обращение к мужчинам Мистер (Mr), а к женщинам Миссис или Мисс (Mrs). Данное обращение для женщин имеет свои нюансы, на него оказывает влияние возраст и социальный статус собеседницы. Что касается мужчин, влияние оказывает статус.
При обращении к партнеру Мистер, транскрипция при произношении [’mɪstər], необходимо добавлять фамилию. В женском варианте, транскрипция имеет представление [ˈmɪsɪz], так обращаются к незамужним дамам, так же продолжая предложение фамилией. При первом знакомстве с человеком, требуется уточнить, как к нему лучше обращаться. Это проявление вежливости, уважения к собеседнику согласно англоязычному речевому этикету.
Обращение мистер и миссис применяется при составлении делового письма, заполнении документа, и иной официальной бумаги. Так же они встречаются в научной и художественной литературе и глянцевых журналах.
Интересно почитать: английский алфавит и правила английского языка для начинающих.
Важные грамматические моменты:
- При сокращении обращения Мистер и миссис согласно британскому варианту английского языка не нужно ставить точку, а в американской версии это строго обязательное правило поставить точку.
- Пишутся всегда с заглавной буквы, это правило действует при составлении документов в независимости от смысловой нагрузки слова в предложение, в том числе в обычном тексте.
Представлять супругов всегда следует вместе. Таким образом: «Mr & Mrs Ivanovy».
Мисс и миссис – отличия
Следующий важный аспект в разделение понятий при общении с женщинами, имеющими разный социальный статус.
Оказывает влияние в процессе беседы замужем или нет собеседница:
- если женщина замужем или вдова, то по правилам этикета нужно, обратится к ней Misses (Mrs), после чего произнести или записать фамилию;
- в том случае, если дама не имеет статуса замужней женщины, то обращаются к ней Miss (транскрипция и произношение [mɪs]). Данное обращение не имеет сокращенной версии, не нужно ставить точку при написании текста после него.
Применения обоих вариантов допустимо, если вам точно известен статус дамы. Если это первое знакомство, не стоит уточнять семейное положение особы, можно использовать общезначимое слово Ms, сокращение MIZZ (Миз, транскрипция [MIZ]). Оно приемлемо для построения любой беседы, не уделяя внимание статусному положению, возрастной группе собеседницы. Так обращаются к женщинам в странах, где языком общения, является английский, сообщает газета The Times. Довольно часто его применяют в бизнес — сообществах.
Другие способы обращений
Ранее были рассмотрены официальные обращения, принятые в англоязычных странах. Помимо этого, существуют дополнительные формы, имеющие самостоятельный характер. А именно, они произносятся и пишутся без указания фамилии.
К мужскому населению старшего возраста и имеющего определенный социальный статус следует обращаться SIR (произношение [ˈsɜː(ɹ)], на русском звучит, как сэр). Является общепринятым оборотом речи при обращении к собеседнику. В англоязычной среде сформировано обращение через отражение профессиональных статусов. Так, например: Teacher — разговаривая с учителем, Director (директор) – разговаривая с руководителем компании, офиса, школы.
При первом знакомстве, использование оборота Сэр, позволит расположить к себе человека, соблюдая правила этикета, принятого общественностью. Применяют эту словоформу при обычном общении, так же когда работник, говорит с руководителем или солдат со старшим военным чином.
В Англии данное обращение имеет двойное значение, во втором варианте это почетная приставка при указании титула. Такого как, барон или рыцарь. В данном случае, при записи указывается оно с заглавной буквы с указанием имени и фамилии: «SIR Edward Smoll».
Универсальная, уважительная беседа с женщиной формируется с применением слова MADAM– (произношение [Maˈdam], переводится Мадам). Оно не применяется повсеместно, но считается показателем хорошего тона. При проведении светского приема, так могут представить статусную даму. Сокращением данного слова является MA’AM (звучит и переводится Мэм). В армии, полиции так обращаются к вышестоящему начальству.
В 2015 году внесено дополнение для гендерного, нейтрального обращения к людям Mx (произношение [mɪks] или [mʌks]), отсутствует русский вариант произношения данного слова.
Завершение
Завершая рассмотрение данной темы, отметим основные аспекты. К мужчинам в англоязычных странах необходимо обращаться Мистер или Сэр. В первом случаем, добавляется фамилия, во втором варианте это самостоятельное слово. К женщинам, имеющим статус замужней особы либо к вдове, обращаются Миссис.
Если дама не замужем, то положено называть её Мисс. Обязательно после обращения указывается фамилия. Не зная семейное положение, статус и возраст можно обратиться Миз, Мадам или Мэм. Это уже самостоятельные частицы предложения. Русскоязычный аналог представленных обращений: господин, госпожа.
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— Testosterone (100mg/day)
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Steroids can have a negative impact on kidney function,
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Steroid use can suppress the immune system, increasing vulnerability
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References
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